Maceral transitions during solvent swelling and extraction of two South African coals similar in rank and age, but different in maceral composition, were evaluated. Inertinite-rich Highveld coal (dominated by semifusinite) and vitrinite-rich Waterberg coal were used. Maceral-group analysis of solvent-extracted and solvent-swelled residues showed no changes in the maceral composition for both coals. Solvent-extracted residues exhibited significant observable changes of some particles: particle fracturing, decrease in reflectance and rounding of particle edges. Inertinite-rich coal exhibited extensive fracturing during solvent treatment. Random reflectance analyses of both coals showed that solvent treatment reduces reflectance values of both vitrinite and inertinite. Vitrinite reflectograms showed a shift from the dominant reflecting V-types to lower-reflecting V-types. The inertinite reflectograms exhibited an increase in the number of reflecting inertinite-types (I-types) with solvent treatment, resulting in a broadening of the reflectograms. The changes in reflectance between the original and solvent-treated coal may be attributed to a combination of structural, elemental or surface changes. Current data for these South African coals suggests a relationship between solvent extraction and mean random reflectance: the higher the extraction yields the lower the mean random reflectance. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.