Oil-phenol-formaldehyde (Oil-PF) resins containing 50wt% replacement of petroleum phenol with bio-oil were prepared and different catalysts [sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), urea, and magnesium oxide (MgO)] were added in the synthesis process of resins to accelerate the cure. The cure-acceleration effects of catalysts on cure characteristics of oil-PF resins were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel time, and a plywood panels test. The results indicated that catalysts presented different accelerating effects on the cure of the oil-PF resin. Both Na2CO3 and MgO can accelerate the oil-PF resin cure at a low temperature; however, urea seemed to have no significant effect on the cure of the resin. The application of Na2CO3- and MgO-accelerated oil-PF resins reduced hot pressing time for the manufacture of three-layer plywood panels. Compared with MgO, Na2CO3 had more significant accelerating effect on the cure of the oil-PF resin.