The effects of various methods of mechanical strengthening of glass on the adhesion properties of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) film to a float glass surface were investigated. The mechanisms of the influence of the strengthening processes on the adhesion properties were analyzed. The influence of different types of pretreatment of the glass surface on the adhesion of the polymer films was also considered. It was shown that ion-exchange strengthening followed by treatment with an alkaline water solution provided the best combination of high mechanical strength of glass and good adhesion of the PVB films to the glass surface. Metal-oxide coatings on float glass increased the mechanical strength of glass but decreased the adhesion strength between the polymer and glass. The adhesion of PVB to the metal-oxide layers was determined not only by the chemical composition of the layers, but also by the method of layers formation, the type of glass surface pretreatment, and the nature of the intermediate layer between the metal-oxide layer and the glass surface.