Unsized AS-4 carbon fibers were etched by RF plasma and then coated via plasma polymerization in order to enhance their adhesion to vinyl ester resin. Gases utilized for plasma etching were Ar, N-2 and O-2, while monomers used in plasma polymerization coating were acetylene, butadiene and acrylonitrile. Plasma etchings were carried out as a function of plasma power (30-70 W), treatment time (1-10 min) and gas pressure (20-40 mtorr). Plasma polymerizations were performed by varying the treatment time (15-60 s), plasma power (10-30 W) and gas pressure (20-40 mtorr). The conditions for plasma etching and plasma polymerization were optimized by measuring inter-facial adhesion with vinyl ester resin via micro-droplet tests. Plasma etched and plasma polymer coated carbon fibers were characterized by SEM, XPS, FT-IR and a-Step, dynamic contact angle analyzer (DCA) and tensile strength measurements. In Part 1, interfacial adhesion of plasma etched and plasma polymer coated carbon fibers to vinyl ester resin is reported, while characterization results including tensile strength of carbon fibers are reported in Part 2. Among the treatment conditions, a combination of Ar plasma etching and acetylene plasma polymer coating provided greatly improved interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of 69 MPa, compared to 43 MPa obtained from as-received carbon fiber. Based on the SEM analysis of failure surfaces and load-displacement curves, the failure was found to occur at the interface between plasma polymer coating and vinyl ester resin.