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Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol.40, No.7, 58-61, 2001
Determination of oil and water compositions of oil/water emulsions using low field NMR relaxometry
During production operations in heavy oil and bitumen formations where thermal recovery methods are applied, the fluids produced are often in the form of emulsions. This is also true in non-thermal recovery methods whenever oil and water are coproduced, but to a lower degree of severity. Conventional flow measuring devices are capable of measuring oil and water streams when they are segregated, but they fail when oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions form. Conventional methods are also not reliable when there are solids flowing in the stream. Low field NMR relaxometry was successfully tested as a tool for accurately measuring the oil and water content of such streams with and without emulsions present in the samples. The method was proved to be at least as good as conventional extraction methods (i.e., Dean-Stark). The technology was tested with both artificially and naturally occurring emulsified streams with accuracy better than 96%. This extremely encouraging result led to the design of an online NMR relaxometer for oil/water stream measurements under the conditions encountered in the production of heavy oil and bitumen.