Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol.40, No.11, 50-53, 2001
A general theory of gas production in SAGD operations
The small gas/oil ratio (GOR) commonly measured in SAGD projects has not previously been adequately explained, and various phenomena such as "microfingering" have been proposed to account for its presence. It is shown that the production of gases can be entirely explained by gases dissolved in the produced fluids at the temperature and pressure conditions of the SAGD steam chamber. Although methane is produced, in part, via bitumen, there is a significant contribution from methane dissolved in water as well. Other gases, such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide, are primarily produced by virtue of their solubility in water at the pertaining temperature and pressure. This result is a consequence of the asymptotic Henry's Law behaviour of gases in water as the critical point of water is approached. This asymptotic behaviour is shown to govern at temperatures well below the critical point, and within the temperature range of SAGD steam zones. The theoretical foundation of this work permits the estimation of gas-water equilibrium constants for the major produced gases of importance in SAGD, and thus an ultimate understanding of gas effects in the steam zone.