화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol.44, No.9, 58-61, 2005
Low pressure SAGD operations
In the last few years, there has been increased interest in low pressure SAGD operations, in part, due to the gas over bitumen resource conflict. In an earlier paper, it was predicted that low reservoir steam pressures had the effect of sharply reducing hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide production per barrel of oil. Likewise particularly troublesome scales, such as the magnesium and calcium silicates, were less thermodynamically favoured than at high steam pressures. Further investigations into the fate of gases in SAGD have been undertaken, especially for the case where the virgin pressure of the reservoir is low. In such cases, the amount of solution gas is limited, and the bitumen at steam zone pressure is often undersaturated with respect to the available methane. The polar gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide, on the other hand, are almost entirely produced via dissolution in the produced water. In the low virgin pressure case, the methane is entirely produced via dissolution in bitumen. This contrasts with initial reservoir pressures of, for example, 3,500 kPa, where more than half of the methane is also produced via the produced water. The other major difference is that, in the low virgin pressure case, very little gas is predicted to accumulate in the steam zone. This paper examines the scaling tendencies of minerals, and the fate and compositions of produced gases in both low pressure SAGD and SAGD in low virgin pressure reservoirs. Use is made of recent advances in gas-liquid solution thermodynamics. The implications of this work include a possible effect on simulation studies for bitumen production, as well as on cap gas production via the produced water. This may also be an equity issue in the Athabasca area where cap gas has been shut in by regulatory intervention.