Results of the ongoing study of nonoxidative methane dehydroaromatization (DHA) over Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts have been analyzed. The effects of the composition, preparation procedure, pretreatment, and the CH(4) DHA reaction conditions on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts have been discussed. The data on Mo-containing active sites, the methane DHA reaction mechanism, and the nature of carbonaceous deposits have been considered. The principal causes of the deactivation of Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts and means of their regeneration have been revealed. Approaches to the improvement of the methane DHA process and trends of its further development have been detailed.