The cooling of the spinning stage in a commercial compact-spinning line has been studied. A rectangular fiber bundle is extruded from the spinneret and cooled by air entering from one side. The speed of the cooling air is considerably reduced through the fiber bundle. There are practical lower and upper limits for the cooling air entrance speed, corresponding to filament breakage at the leeward and windward sides, respectively. These limits are functions of the material and processing parameters. Due to the nonuniform cooling, fibers sampled at the windward side generally have higher molecular orientation, lower amorphous fraction, higher density, and higher tensile modulus and strength. For most combinations of spinning and material parameters, the structure is either bimodally oriented ct-crystalline or uniaxially oriented mesomorphic at all spinneret positions. Fibers with different structure types show opposite windward/leeward side trends with regard to local order and melting behavior. The structure may be mesomorphic at the leeward side and oc-crystalline at the windward side, if the average spin-line stress is close to a critical value for orientation induced crystallization, and the air speed difference across the spinneret is large. The cooling air speed affects the spin-line stress. Hence, the fiber-to-fiber variations due to nonuniform cooling are discussed in terms of the molecular orientation in the melt and the effective time available for arranging molecules into ordered structures.