Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Vol.27, No.6, 327-335, 2002
Evidence for the hypothesis of ignition of propellants by metallic vapour deposition
This paper examines the experimental evidence to support the hypothesis of ignition of energetic material by the process of metallic vapour deposition. The hypothesis has been presented previously and this is the continuation of the work. The hypothesis has been developed at QinetiQ to explain certain measurements of incident radiative flux during electrothermal-chemical (ETC) experimentation, which show no correlation with the ignition event. Indeed, measured levels of radiation have been so low that radiative energy transfer for ETC plasma ignition could be said to be negligible. Measurement of the thickness of a metal layer resulting from dropwise vapour condensation gives good correlation to the flux requirements for ignition. In this paper, the hypothesis is summarised. Results from experimental studies performed in a small-scale closed vessel and large calibre gun chamber simulators are presented. These studies used translucent energetic materials as windows through which to measure the actual radiative flux incident upon the energetic material surface. Further, the nature of the experiments allowed the recovery of the propellant samples. Photographs of the recovered propellant surface are presented that clearly show discrete ignition sites in excellent agreement to the size and distribution of condensed copper droplets found on neighbouring inert material.