With more than 75% chemical enterprises already privatized or sold, the high-tonnage synthesis is the last sector at government's disposal. The 1995-2005 Chemical Synthesis Program has been failing. The Strategy for Poland's Chemical Industry until 2010, adopted June 2001, Is the most promising program now. Developing of Industrial production can follow the model of either (a) a (thermodynamically) closed industrial system that exchanges only energy with Nature or (b) soft technologies based on renewable raw materials that offer biodegradable products. Basic research and well-planned advancing studies are crucial. Perspective directions of applied studies here include synthesis of fine chemicals, catalysis, thermostable polymers, recycling, and protecion of environment Sustainable development and recycling are of paramount importance.