Przemysl Chemiczny, Vol.82, No.8-9, 798-800, 2003
Solubilization of higher-olefin hydroformylation reactants in the microemulsion medium
Na dodecyl sulfate (SDS; phase transfer catalyst) or Na alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) was added to (1:4 to 1:1 w/w) BuOH-H2O until homogeneous, and then 1-dodecene (C12H24) or 1-tridecanal was added until the mixture turbidified. At 25-50% BuOH, SDS must exceed 6% (aq. phase basis), e.g., at BuOH 40 and SDS 42, C12H24 was solubilized, max. 52 g/100 g aq. phase. At BuOH 45 or 50 and SDS 30, nearly 100 g C12H24/100 g aq.phase was solubilized. At BuOH 40 and ABS 50-100, much C12H24 was solubilized, 120-200 g/100 g aq. phase, but at high ABS gelation made mixing of reactants difficult An electrolyte like tri(m-sulfophenyl)phosphine trisodium salt (TPPTS-Na), 3%, solubilized C12H24 (and C14H28) linearly up to 60-160 g C12H24/100 g aq. phase at SDS upwards of 17%. With 30-33% SDS and 3% TPPTS-Na, up to 180 g 1-tridecanal was solubilized in 100 g aq. phase. Hydroformylation test runs (120degreesC, 2.0 MPa) with: (i) BuOH 25, H2O 75, TPPTS-Na 3, ABS 35 and (ii) BuOH 40, H2O 60, TPPTS-Na 3, SDS 28 g/100 g aq. phase, gave 86.0 and 95.2% aldehydes, resp.. Reaction mixtures stratified spontaneously into org. phase contg. products and aq,. phase contg. hydrophilic HRh(CO)(TPPTS-Na)(3) catalyst.