Przemysl Chemiczny, Vol.90, No.5, 800-805, 2011
Effect of fluoride and fluosilicate ions on quality of struvite crystals in removal of phosphate(V) ions from liquid wastes of the mineral fertilizer industry
MgNH(4)PO(4)center dot 6H(2)O (struvite) was produced continuously in aq. soln. by reacting PO(4)(3-) ions (1.0 % by mass with P ions (0.0025-0.025 % by mass) or SiF(6)(-) ions (0.0125-0.050 % by mass) at 298 K and pH 9 for 900 s (residence time). Properly shaped struvite crystals (mean size 30-47 mu m) were formed. Higher concns. of the ions favored prodn. of crystals of larger sizes (even by 35%) at confined nucleation rate and at simultaneously higher linear growth rate (ca. 2-10(-8) m/s). Excess of Mg(2+) ions in the feed related to PO(4)(3-) and NH(4)(+) ion contents (molar ratio 1.2:1:1) influenced the process results advantageously. Mean product crystal size increased by 3 to 13%, while crystal linear growth rate increased by ca. 10%.