SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, Vol.43, No.4, 1196-1221, 2004
Linear quadratic Gaussian balancing for discrete-time infinite-dimensional linear systems
In this paper, we study the existence of linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG)-balanced realizations for discrete-time infinite-dimensional systems. LQG-balanced realizations are those for which the smallest nonnegative self-adjoint solutions of the control and filter Riccati equations are equal. We show that the control (filter) Riccati equation has a nonnegative self-adjoint solution if and only if the system is output (input) stabilizable. Our main result is that the transfer function of a discrete-time linear system has an approximately controllable and observable LQG-balanced realization if it has an input and output stabilizable realization. The corresponding control and filter Riccati equations have unique nonnegative self-adjoint solutions. Moreover, approximately controllable and observable LQG-balanced realizations are unique up to a unitary state-space transformation. Finally, we show that the spectrum of the product of the smallest nonnegative self-adjoint solutions of the control and filter Riccati equations is independent of the particular realization.
Keywords:balanced realization;discrete-time system;infinite-dimensional system;LQG-balanced realization;normalized factorization;Riccati equations