A new type of bamboo fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite was prepared and its mechanical properties were tested. To enhance the adhesion between the bamboo fiber and the polypropylene matrix, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was prepared and used as a compatibilizer for the composite. The maleic anhydride content of the MAPP was 0.5 wt %. It was found that with 24 wt % of such MAPP being used in the composite formulation, the mechanical properties of the composite such as the tensile modulus, the tensile strength, and the impact strength all increased significantly. The new composite has a tensile strength of 32-36 MPa and a tensile modulus of 5-6 GPa. Compared to the commercially available wood pulp board, the new material is lighter, water-resistant, cheaper, and more importantly has a tensile strength that is more than three times higher than that of the commercial product.