화학공학소재연구정보센터
Thin Solid Films, Vol.518, No.17, 4791-4797, 2010
Thin film deposition and characterization of pure and iron-doped electron-beam evaporated tungsten oxide for gas sensors
Pure tungsten oxide (WO(3)) and iron-doped (10 at.%) tungsten oxide (WO(3):Fe) nanostructured thin films were prepared using a dual crucible Electron Beam Evaporation (EBE) technique. The films were deposited at room temperature under high vacuum onto glass as well as alumina substrates and post-heat treated at 300 degrees C for 1 h. Using Raman spectroscopy the as-deposited WO(3) and WO(3):Fe films were found to be amorphous, however their crystallinity increased after annealing. The estimated surface roughness of the films was similar (of the order of 3 nm) to that determined using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). As observed by AFM, the WO(3):Fe film appeared to have a more compact surface as compared to the more porous WO(3) film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the elemental stoichiometry of the tungsten oxide films was consistent with WO(3). A slight difference in optical band gap energies was found between the as-deposited WO(3) (3.22 eV) and WO(3):Fe (3.12 eV) films. The differences in the band gap energies of the annealed films were significantly higher, having values of 3.12 eV and 2.61 eV for the WO(3) and WO(3):Fe films respectively. The heat treated films were investigated for gas sensing applications using noise spectroscopy. It was found that doping of Fe to WO(3) produced gas selectivity but a reduced gas sensitivity as compared to the WO(3) sensor. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.