This article develops a data-based linear Gaussian state-space model for monitoring of dynamic processes under noisy environment. The Kalman filter is introduced for construction of the linear Gaussian state-space model, and an iterative expectation-maximization algorithm is used for model parameters learning. With the incorporation of the dynamic data information, a new fault detection and identification approach is proposed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the two monitoring statistics in the new method are theoretically evaluated and further confirmed through two case studies. Furthermore, detailed fault smearing effect analysis of the proposed method is provided and compared with other identification methods. Based on the simulation results of two case studies, the superiority of the proposed method is explored. (C) 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012