The gadolinium-doped ceria ( CGO ) is of great interest as oxide ion conducing solid electrolyte for intermediate and low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation. In this investigation, high-purity nanopowders of cerium gadolinium oxide ( CGO , Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9) are synthesized by sol-gel method using sucrose as an organic chelating agent and pectin for gelation. The results of this investigation indicate that the final particle size of approximately 8 nm can be obtained after calcination of the predried gel at 500 degrees C for 2 h in ambient air. An insight in to the calcination process has been obtained by using simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that all samples crystallized as single phase cubic CGO powders with no trace of impurity. The mean crystallite sizes calculated from XRD analysis using Rietveld refinement method agree with the morphological features observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanopowders produced in this study exhibit negligible strain as indicated by Rietveld refinement procedure. The nominal composition of CGO has been found to be in excellent agreement with that determined independently using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry analysis (ICPAES). The XRD and TEM analyses indicate that there is a significant influence of calcination temperature on the crystal size, which increases with increasing temperature for a fixed annealing time.