화학공학소재연구정보센터
Macromolecules, Vol.45, No.18, 7375-7387, 2012
Synthesis and Characterizations of Photo-Cross-Linkable Telechelic Diacrylate Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether) Copolymers
Novel telechelic primary dihydroxyl and diacrylate cooligomers based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PMVE) were synthesized as precursors of original photo-cross-linkable networks. First, alpha,omega-diiodopoly(VDF-co-PMVE) copolymers were generated by iodine transfer copolymerization of VDF and PMVE controlled by 1,4-diiodoperfluorobutane chain transfer agent, leading to cooligomers with molecular weights ranging between 1,500 and 7,000 g.mol(-1) with a narrow polydispersity (<1.3). Then, two major approaches were applied to obtain telechelic poly(VDF-co-PMVE) diols as precursors of alpha.omega-diacrylates that contained spacers of various lengths between the hydroxyl (or ester) functions and the poly(VDF-co-PMVE) oligomeric chain. The first strategy involved a quantitative ethylene end-capping of telechelic diiodo poly(VDF-co-PMVE) cooligomers and subsequent hydrolysis to form diols with one ethylene spacer (C2). The second route to obtain fluorinated macrodiols involved the radical addition of these alpha,omega-diiodopoly(VDF-co-PMVE) cooligomers onto allyl alcohol to obtain macromolecular bis(iodohydrin)s, the iodine atoms of which were further selectively reduced to yield fluorinated diols (85% yield) that bear three methylene groups (C3) as the spacer. Acryloylation of C2 diol was optimized for various acrylating agents and HCl trapping agents and led to ca. 80% yield, while that of C3 diols was carried out using acryloyl chloride and taking into account the results from such an optimization (91% yield). These chemical changes did not affect the polydispersity indices that remained low (<1.3). UV curing of C2 and C3 telechelic bis(acrylate)s in the presence of two different photoinitiators, such as 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one (Darocur 1173) and bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphineoxide (Irgacure 819), led to cross-linked films. The former one was successfully used for thin films (lower than 0.25 mm) while to produce thicker ones (e.g., more than 0.75 mm up to 1.50 mm), Irgacure 819 was more efficient. The gel contents, flexibilities (via the assessment of their glass transition temperatures, T(g)s), and thermal stability were investigated. The T-g values ranged between -54 and -30 degrees C for cross-linked elastomers that contained a C3 spacer while they were in the -37 to -30 degrees C range for those bearing a C2 spacer. The thermal properties of the resulting photo-cross-linked materials were better than those of the telechelic poly(VDF-co-PMVE) cooligomeric precursors. Their 10 wt % losses were ranging between 300 and ca. 355 degrees C, under air, in contrast to the non-cross-linked precursors for which T-d,T-10 value worthed 235-270 degrees C. The UV-activated networks achieved from the diacrylated fluorooligomers that contained a C3 spacer formed less colored cross-linked films than those which bore C2 spacers and behaved as promising elastomeric materials.