The PEDOT nanomaterials were fabricated by oxidation polymerization and the MnO2 domains on the PEDOT were formed by redox deposition. The PEDOT/MnO2 nanomaterials accelerate neurite outgrowth in proportion to the dose of the nanomaterials, and the MnO2 domains play an essential role in enhancement effects on differentiation. Futhermore, the nanomaterials were applied as a transducer for label-free real-time monitoring of exocytosed catecholamines from PC12 cells. The dual-functionalized PEDOT/MnO2 nanomaterials can be used in tissue engineering related to the development and monitoring of mammalian nervous systems.