Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol.135, No.8, 3237-3242, 2013
Zwitterions and Unobserved Intermediates in Organocatalytic Diels-Alder Reactions of Linear and Cross-Conjugated Trienamines
The Diels Alder reactions of cyclic linear and cross-conjugated trienamines with oxindoles have been studied with density functional theory [M06-2X/def2-TZVPP/IEFPCM//B97D/6-31+G(d,p)/IEFPCM]. These reactions are found to proceed in a stepwise fashion. Computations revealed that these transformations involve complex mechanisms including zwitterionic intermediates and several unstable alternate cycloadducts arising from (2 + 2) cycloadditions and hetero-Diels Alder reactions. The observed regio- and stereochemistry can be rationalized by a combination of kinetic and thermodynamic control.