Textured silicon surfaces decorated by square arrays of pillars with adjustable pitch were fabricated. The wetting behavior, especially for direction-dependent water contact angles on textured silicon surfaces after silanization, was investigated by incorporating the contact line fraction into a modified Wenzel model. Also, the effect of geometrical parameters on the anisotropic wetting behavior of water was examined with respect to water droplet impact on the textured surface. Moreover, the maximum spreading factor was studied theoretically in terms of energy conservation, allowing for surface topography and viscous friction of the liquid flowing among the arrays of the posts. Theoretical models were found to be in good agreement with experimental data.