A pencil-type floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD) jet was designed to improve adhesion of composite resin to dental ceramic by plasma deposition. Among various monomers used for plasma deposition, 1,3-butadiene (BD) merged as a promising monomer. Shear bond strength (SBS) and fracture modes were evaluated with specimens prepared at various flow rates of BD. The SBS values of the experimental groups were significantly higher than that of the negative control group and approached that of the positive control group when flow rate was higher than or equal to 2 sccm. Surface characterizations of plasma polymer-deposited ceramic surfaces were performed with FTIR-ATR and XPS. The deposited polymer on the ceramic surface contained methyl and methylene groups, ether and ester groups, and carbon-carbon double bonds. Formation of plasma deposited layer from BD was verified with TEM and EDS from specimens prepared using a focused ion beam technique. Adhesion between ceramic and composite resin was enhanced with BD plasma deposition using the FE-DBD jet. The adhesion effect was stemmed from chemical reactions between C=C double bonds remaining in the plasma deposited polymer and those in the adhesive monomers as well as increased wettability due to the ester and ether groups involved in deposited polymer.