The present study examined the change to the effect of the leptin sensitivity by leptin resistance-induced leptin receptor (ObRb) and leptin-related suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA levels in hypothalamic, liver, muscle and leptin protein levels in blood after eight 8 weeks of exercise training and/or dietary control of high fat induced obese rats. After 2 weeks of adaptation maintenance, four-week-old male SD rats (n = 42) were randomly divided into control (CO) (n = 8) and high-fat diet (HF) (n = 32) groups. The HF group randomly divided into HF, HF + exercise training (HFT), changed to normal diet (HFND) and changed to normal diet and exercise training (HFNDT) groups. 13 weeks of HF group average body weight significantly increased in comparison to the CO group (p < 0.05). Plasma leptin levels of the HFT, HFND and HFNDT group were significantly decreased in comparison to the HF group (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of ObRb and SOCS3 in the liver and muscle of the HF group was significantly decreased comparison to that of the HFT, HFND and HFNDT group after 8 weeks intervention (p < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA expression of ObRb and SOCS3 in the hypothalamus of the HF group was significantly increased comparison to that of the HFT, HFND and HFNDT group (p < 0.05). HFND group also was significantly reduced comparison to of the HFT and HFNDT group (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the effect of leptin sensitivity in peripheral may primarily the more relate to combined dietary control and exercise training more than effect of dietary control. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.