In view of the harsh conditions of coal liquefaction and the difficulty of residue processing, through medium- and low-temperature heat treatment of vacuum residue with coal, the solvent deasphalting process of residue treated with coal was studied. The results showed that particle size, types, adding amount of coal, and contacting temperature of residue with coal had effects on the solvent deasphalting process. Compared with the solvent deasphalting process of residue directly, coal particle size in 150-830 m, coal/vacuum residue in 3:10-3:4 at 250 degrees C, the yield of deasphalted oil could increase by 2.6-3.5 wt%, the removal rate of metals, such as nickel and vanadium, were 24.7 and 23.07%, respectively. The content of sulfur and carbon residue in deasphalted oil decreased slightly. Deasphalted oil had a higher yield and better quality when the contacting condition of residue and coal was harsher. The study demonstrated that the solvent deasphalting process could be improved by co-treating of residue and coal under medium and low temperature.