Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are an emerging class of active polymers that may be used for a range of reconfigurable structures. In this study, the thermomechanical and shape memory behavior of a thermosetting SMP was investigated using large-scale compressive tests and small-scale indentation tests. Results show that the SMP exhibits different deformation modes and mechanical properties in compression than in tension. In glassy state, the SMP displays significant plastic deformation and has a much higher modulus and yield strength in comparison to those obtained in tension. In rubbery state, the SMP behaves like a hyperelastic material and again has a much higher modulus than that obtained in tension. The SMPs were further conditioned separately in simulated service environments relevant to Air Force missions, namely, (1) exposure to UV radiation, (2) immersion in jet-oil, and (3) immersion in water. The thermomechanical and shape recovery properties of the original and conditioned SMPs were examined under compression. Results show that all the conditioned SMPs exhibit a decrease in Tg as compared to the original SMP. Environmental conditionings generally result in higher moduli and yield strength of the SMPs in the glassy state but lower modulus in the rubbery state. In particular, the UV exposure and water immersion, also weaken the shape recovery abilities of the SMPs. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013