Carbon fibers are widely used as a reinforcement in composite materials because of their high-specific strength and modulus. Current trends toward the development of carbon fibers have been driven in two directions; ultrahigh tensile strength fiber with a fairly high strain to failure (2 %), and ultrahigh modulus fiber with high-thermal conductivity. Today, a number of ultrahigh strength polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based (more than 6 GPa), and ultrahigh modulus pitch-based (more than 900 GPa) carbon fibers have been commercially available. In the present work, the tensile properties of polyimide-coated PAN-based (T1000GB, T300, and M60JB) and pitch-based (K13D and XN-05) carbon fibers have been investigated using a single-filament tensile test. The pyromellitic dianhydride/4-4'-oxydianiline polyimide coating was deposited on the carbon fiber surface using high-temperature vapor deposition polymerization (VDPH). The Weibull statistical distributions of the tensile strength were characterized. The results clearly show that the VDPH polyimide coating improves the tensile strength and the Weibull modulus of PAN- and pitch-based carbon fibers.