화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.117, No.26, 5472-5482, 2013
Freezing of Heavy Water (D2O) Nanodroplets
We follow the freezing of heavy water (D2O) nanodroplets formed in a supersonic nozzle apparatus using position resolved pressure trace measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. For these 3-9 nm radii droplets, freezing starts between 223 and 225 K, at volume based ice nucleation rates J(ice,V) on the order of 10(23) cm(-3) s(-1) or surface based ice nucleation rates J(ice,S) on the order of 10(16) cm(-2) s(-1). The temperatures corresponding to the onset of D2O ice nucleation are higher than those reported for H2O by Manka et al. [Manka, A.; Pathak, H.; Tanimura, S.; Wolk, J.; Strey, R.; Wyslouzil, B. E. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2012, 14, 4505]. Although the values of J(ice,S) scale somewhat better with droplet size than values of J(ice,V), the data are not accurate enough to state that nucleation is surface initiated. Finally, using current estimates of the thermophysical properties of D2O and the theoretical framework presented by Murray et al. [Murray, B. J.; Broadley, S. L.; Wilson, T. W.; Bull, S. J.; Wills, R. H.; Christenson, H. K.; Murray, E. J. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12, 10380], we find that the theoretical ice nucleation rates are within 3 orders of magnitude of the measured rates over an similar to 15 K temperature range.