Macromolecules, Vol.46, No.15, 6118-6123, 2013
C-60-Polymer Nanocomposite Networks Enabled by Guest Host Properties
A modular approach for the synthesis of polymer networks with well-defined node and cross-linking dimensions is described. Each node or tie point in the network is a cyclodextrin molecule, which imparts discrete molecular guest-host capabilities to the network. C-60 fullerenes homogeneously intercalate in the network, presumably via van der Waals guest-host interactions with the hydrophobic gamma-cyclodextrin cavity, resulting in stable C-60-filled polymer networks with improved mechanical properties. Networks prepared with alpha-cyclodextrin, whose inner cavity is smaller than gamma-cyclodextrin, and smaller than the C-60 diameter, do not yield materials with stable C-60 intercalation. Characterization of the final composites reveals that the cross-linked gamma-cyclodextrin-based composites maintain stable C-60 concentrations, even after multiple extractions with toluene, which itself is a good solvent for C-60. Membranes prepared from the cyclodextrin polymer network, prior to C-60 intercalation, should also be useful for C-60 extraction from C-60-solvent mixtures. The synthetic route we describe here is not limited to C-60 and should be generally applicable to a wide variety of guests.