High-performance alicyclic-containing polyimides for advanced applications, derived from 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofurfuryl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride or bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and two flexible aromatic diamines, were synthesized by a classical two-step polycondensation reaction and analyzed by rheological method. The results were discussed according to the chemical structure of polyimides and their different properties, such as flexibility, hydrophobicity and surface morphology. It has been showed that the obtained parameters, controlled by the interactions occurring in the polyimide systems, can be correlated with the adhesion/cohesion of blood components and plasma proteins. Thus, the results of the work of spreading proteins on the hydrophobic polyimide surfaces indicated that albumin is not absorbed preferentially, while fibrinogen is characterized by a higher degree of adhesion on the surfaces, and also that selective adsorption of plasma proteins modifies blood compatibility. In addition, these results and the ascertained antimicrobial activity of the studied polyimides contribute to the development of new applications in the bio-technical field.