Hydrophobic macromolecular contrast agents (MMCAs) are highly desirable to provide safe and efficient magnetic resonance (MR) visibility to implantable medical devices. In this study, we report on the synthesis and evaluation of novel biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-based MMCAs. Poly(alpha-propargyl-epsilon-caprolactone-co-epsilon-caprolactone)s containing 2, 5, and 10 mol % of propargyl groups have been prepared by ring-opening copolymerization of e-caprolactone and the corresponding propargylated lactone. In parallel, a diazido derivative of the clinically used diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)/Gd3+ complex has been synthesized. Finally, MM-visible poly(e-caprolactone)s (PCLs) were obtained by the efficient click ligation of these compounds via a Cu-I-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition. ICP-MS analyses confirmed the efficient coupling of the complex on the PCL backbone with the MRI-visible PCLs containing 1.0, 2.6, and 3.6 wt % of Gd3+. The influence of the Gd3+ grafting density on the T-1 relaxation times and on the MM visibility of the novel biodegradable MMCAs was evaluated. Finally, their stability and cytocompatibility were assessed with regard to their potential as innovative MRI-visible biomaterials for biomedical applications.