TiO2/C and TiC/C composite nanofibers were produced by electrospinning of resin/TiCl4 precursor solution. The resulting ceramic fiber webs were porous and showed surface areas as high as 523m(2)g(-1). They were further converted to carbide-derived carbon (CDC) fibers under full retention of the fiber-like shape and flexibility. These CDC membranes showed a hierarchical pore structure and specific surface as high as 1378m(2)g(-1). Applications in the area of high temperature filtration, catalyst support and energy storage are conceivable.