By a novel in situ chemical vapor deposition, activated N-doped hollow carbon-nanotube/carbon-nanofiber composites are prepared having a superhigh specific Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 1840 m(2) g(-1) and a total pore volume of 1.21 m(3) g(-1). As an anode, this material has a reversible capacity of similar to 1150 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1) (0.27 C) after 70 cycles. At 8 A g(-1) (21.5 C), a capacity of similar to 320 mAh g(-1) fades less than 20% after 3500 cycles, which makes it a superior anode material for a Li-ion battery.