Preparation and characterization of spray-dried gelatin microspheres encapsulating ganciclovir

Tuan Hiep Tran; Thiruganesh Ramasamy; Bijay Kumar Poudel; Nirmal Marasini; Bo Kyung Moon; Hyuk Jun Cho; Han-Gon Choi; Chul Soon Yong; Jong Oh Kim

Macromolecular Research, Vol.22, No.2, 124-130, February, 2014

DOI10.1007/s13233-014-2018-9 Export Citation

Preparation and characterization of spray-dried gelatin microspheres encapsulating ganciclovir

Tuan Hiep Tran, Thiruganesh Ramasamy, Bijay Kumar Poudel, Nirmal Marasini, Bo Kyung Moon, Hyuk Jun Cho, Han-Gon Choi¹, Chul Soon Yong^†, and Jong Oh Kim^†

College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Korea
¹College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi, 426-791, Korea

E-mail:,

The aim of this study was to prepare ganciclovir (GCV)-loaded cross-linked gelatin microspheres by spray-drying method. The microspheres were characterized in terms of particle size, surface morphology, loading efficiency, thermal behavior, physical characteristics, swelling properties, and the release profile in vitro. The major process and formulation parameters were optimized to obtain smaller particles with high loading capacity. The physical state examination confirmed the molecular-level dispersion of drug in the polymer. The loading efficiency determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was around 68%. The in vitro release experiments revealed that the GCV released from the gelatin microspheres was related to the extent of swelling, which was proportional to the drug-to-polymer ratio. These results suggest that cross-linked gelatin microspheres could be a suitable drug-delivery system for GCV.

Keywords:cross-linking;ganciclovir;gelatin microspheres;glutaraldehyde;spray-drying

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[1] Faulds D, Heel RC, Drugs, 39, 597 (1990)

[2] Janoria KG, Mitra AK, Int. J. Pharm., 338, 133 (2007)

[3] Kajiwara E, Kawano K, Hattori Y, Fukushima M, Hayashi K, Maitani Y, J. Control. Release, 120, 104 (2007)

[4] Merodio M, Arnedo A, Renedo MJ, Irache JM, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 12, 251 (2001)

[5] Chen X, Ooi CP, Acta Biomater., 4, 1046 (2008)

[6] Akhter S, Kushwaha S, Warsi MH, Anwar M, Ahmad MZ, Ahmad I, Talegaonkar S, Khan ZI, Khar RK, Ahmad FJ, Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm., 38, 84 (2012)

[7] Duvvuri S, Janoria KG, Mitra AK, J. Control. Release, 108, 282 (2005)

[8] Deiber JA, Ottone ML, Piaggio MV, Peirotti MB, Polymer, 50(25), 6065 (2009)

[9] Wan YZ, Wang YL, Yao KD, Cheng GX, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 75(8), 994 (2000)

[10] Vandelli MA, Rivasi F, Guerra P, Forni F, Arletti R, Int. J. Pharm., 215, 175 (2001)

[11] OldeDamink LHH, Dijkstra PJ, Van Luyn MJA, Van Wachem PB, Nieuwenhuis P, Feijen J, J. Mater. Sci. -Mater. Med., 6, 460 (1995)

[12] Umadevi SK, Thiruganesh R, Suresh S, Reddy KB, Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 31, 407 (2010)

[13] Desai KGH, Park HJ, Drug Dev. Res., 64, 114 (2005)

[14] Desai KGH, Park HJ, J. Microencapsul., 22(4), 377 (2005)

[15] Gogu PK, Jithan AV, Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 72, 346 (2010)

[16] Cai J, Zhang Y, Du W, Nan K, J. Control. Release, 152, e70 (2011)

[17] Pardeshi CV, Rajput PV, Belgamwar VS, Tekade AR, J. Microencapsul., 29(2), 103 (2012)

[18] Patel S, Soni T, Thakkar V, Gandhi T, J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci., 4, 50 (2012)

[19] Yong CS, Li DX, Oh DH, Kim JA, Yoo BK, Woo JS, Rhee JD, Choi HG, Arch. Pharm. Res., 29, 520 (2006)

[20] Azarmi S, Huang Y, Chen H, McQuarrie S, Abrams D, Roa W, Finlay WH, Miller GG, Lobenberg R, J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 9, 124 (2006)

[21] Yuan Y, Chesnutt BM, Utturkar G, Haggard WO, Yang Y, Ong JL, Bumgardner JD, Carbohydr. Polym., 68, 561 (2007)

[22] Yao CH, Liu BS, Chang CJ, Hsu SH, Chen YS, Mater. Chem. Phys., 83(2-3), 204 (2004)

[23] Favaro-Trindade CS, Santana AS, Monterrey-Quintero ES, Trindade MA, Netto FM, Food Hydrocoll., 24, 336 (2010)

[24] Kim BH, Kim D, Jung YS, Kim H, Cho DL, Macromol. Res., 11(4), 291 (2003)

[25] Berger J, Reist M, Mayer JM, Felt O, Peppas NA, Gurny R, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 57, 19 (2004)

[26] Stulzer HK, Tagliari MP, Parize AL, Silva MAS, Laranjeira MCM, Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst., 29, 387 (2009)

[27] Ramasamy T, Khandasami US, Ruttala H, Shanmugam S, Macromol. Res., 20(7), 682 (2012)