An acidic ionic liquid-conventional alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production process

Yasir Ali Elsheikh; Zakaria Man; Faheem Hassan Akhtar

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.31, No.3, 431-435, March, 2014

DOI10.1007/s11814-013-0238-x Export Citation

An acidic ionic liquid-conventional alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production process

Yasir Ali Elsheikh^†, Zakaria Man¹, and Faheem Hassan Akhtar

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia

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A study was undertaken to prepare biodiesel via two-step process using ionic liquid as first step catalyst due to the unsuitability of using the straight alkaline-catalyzed transesterification of high FFA presented in crude palm oil (CPO). In the first step, esterification of the FFA presented in the CPO was carried out using butylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (BIMHSO4), in which the acid value was reduced from 6.93 to 1.02mg KOH/g and then, KOH-catalyzed transesterification was applied. The conversion rate of FFA attained 85.3% when 4.8 wt% of BIMHSO4 was applied to the reaction system containing methanol to CPO ratio of 12 : 1 reacted at 170 ℃ for 150 min. The final yield in 97.3% revealed that the process proposed in this study could lead to an excellent biodiesel meeting the ASTM requirements. Furthermore, this new two-step catalysis process could solve the old conventional catalysis process drawbacks.

Keywords:Crude Palm Oil;Ionic Liquid;Biodiesel;BIMHSO4;Esterification;Transesterification

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[1] Kalam MA, Masjuki HH, Biomass Bioenerg., 23(6), 471 (2002)

[2] Zhou A, Thomson E, Appl. Energy, 86, 11 (2009)

[3] Wang Y, Ou SY, Liu PZ, Zhang ZS, Energy Conv. Manag., 48(1), 184 (2007)

[4] Elsheikh YA, Man Z, Bustam MA, Yusup S, Wilfred CD, Energy Conv. Manag., 52(2), 804 (2011)

[5] Elsheikh Y, Ind. Crop Prod., 49, 822 (2013)

[6] Boz N, Kara M, Chem. Eng. Commun., 196, 80 (2008)

[7] Xue W, Zhou YC, Song BA, Shi X, Wang J, Yin ST, Hu DY, Jin LH, Yang S, Natural Science, 1, 55 (2009)

[8] Kim HJ, Hilger H, Bae S, J. Energy Eng., 139, 35 (2012)

[9] Ma FR, Hanna MA, Bioresour. Technol., 70(1), 1 (1999)

[10] Freedman B, Pryde E, Mounts T, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 61, 1638 (1984)

[11] Earle MJ, Seddon KR, J. Pure Appl. Chem., 72, 7 (1391)

[12] Man Z, Elsheikh YA, Bustam MA, Yusup S, Mutalib M, Muhammad N, Ind. Crop. Prod., 41, 144 (2013)

[13] Demirbas A, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 31, 466 (2005)

[14] Patil PD, Deng SG, Fuel, 88(7), 1302 (2009)

[15] Issariyakul T, Kulkarni MG, Dalai AK, Bakhshi NN, Fuel Process. Technol., 88, 429 (2009)

[16] Song Y, Liu L, Zhu XF, Wang XL, Jia HB, Xiao XM, Yu HD, Yang XL, Solid State Ion., 179(13-14), 516 (2008)

[17] Yeon SH, Kim KS, Choi S, Lee H, Kim HS, Kim H, Electrochim. Acta, 50(27), 5399 (2005)

[18] Sharma YC, Singh B, Upadhyay SN, Fuel, 87(12), 2355 (2008)

[19] Encinar JM, Gonzalez JF, Rodriguez-Reinares A, Fuel Process. Technol., 88(5), 513 (2007)

[20] Gordon CM, In Ionic Liquids in Synthesis, Peter W, Thomas W, Eds. Wiley-VCH: Weiheim, Germany (2003)