Characterization of nanostructured pristine and Fe- and V-doped titania synthesized by atomization and bubbling

Kuk Cho; Pratim Biswas; Phil Fraundorf

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.20, No.2, 558-563, March, 2014

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2013.05.014 Export Citation

Characterization of nanostructured pristine and Fe- and V-doped titania synthesized by atomization and bubbling

Kuk Cho^{1, 2, †}, Pratim Biswas¹, and Phil Fraundorf³

¹Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1180, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States, USA
²Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, USA
³Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Missouri at St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO 63121-4499, United States, USA

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Pristine titania and vanadium- or iron-doped titania particles were synthesized in a tubular furnace reactor. Each sample was synthesized by different injection methods either by the atomizer or bubbler. Titania, which was made by the bubbling method, showed agglomerates with around 10 nm primary particles. Atomization, on the other hand, resulted in the mixture of 100 nm particles and 10 nm particles. Iron dopants introduced by the atomizer showed hematite crystals along with anatase while vanadium did not show any vanadium related crystals. Atomized vanadium formed stable particles and the collision with titania resulted in V-doped titania. Substituted vanadium promoted sintering of titania even at a low concentration. Bubbled vanadium condensed on the surface of titania particles because of its low melting point and small size, and hence it did not affect the morphology of titania significantly.

Keywords:Titanium dioxide;Vanadium;Iron;Doping;Morphology;Aerosol

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[2] Pratsinis SE, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 24(3), 197 (1998)

[3] Beck DD, Siegel RW, J. Mater. Res., 7, 2840 (1992)

[4] Wu CY, Lee TG, Tyree G, Arar E, Biswas P, envi, 15, 137 (1998)

[5] Lee TG, Biswas P, Hedrick E, AIChE J., 47(4), 954 (2001)

[6] Ichikawa S, Doi R, Thin Solid, 292(1-2), 130 (1997)

[7] Fujishima A, Rao TN, Tryk DA, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C-Photochem. Rev., 1, 1 (2000)

[8] Almquist CB, Biswas P, Chem. Eng. Sci., 56(11), 3421 (2001)

[9] Wang ZM, Yang GX, Biswas P, Bresser W, Boolchand P, Powder Technol., 114(1-3), 197 (2001)

[10] Namiki N, Cho K, Fraundorf P, Biswas P, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44(14), 5213 (2005)

[11] Akhtar MK, Pratsinis SE, Mastrangelo SVR, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 75, 3408 (1992)

[12] Spurr RA, Myers H, Anal. Chem., 29, 760 (1957)

[13] Zhu JF, Zheng W, Bin HE, Zhang JL, Anpo M, J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem., 216(1), 35 (2004)

[14] Sijakovic-Vujicic N, Gotic M, Music S, Ivanda M, Popovic S, J. Sol, 30, 5 (2004)

[15] Alsayed AM, Islam MF, Zhang J, Collings PJ, Yodh AG, Science, 309, 1207 (2005)

[16] Cho K, Biswas P, Aeros, 40, 309 (2006)

[17] Lee SR, Wu CY, Adv. Environ. Res., 7, 1 (2002)

[18] Zenkovets GA, Kryukova GN, Tsybulya SV, Al’kaeva EM, Andrushkevich TV, Lapina OB, Burgina EB, Dovlitova LS, Malakhov VV, Litvak GS, kine, 41, 572 (2000)

[19] Stark WJ, Wegner K, Pratsinis SE, Baiker A, J. cat, 197(1), 182 (2001)

[20] Zhu M, Chikyow T, Ahmet P, Naruke T, Murakami M, Matsumoto Y, Koinuma H, Thin Solid, 441(1-2), 140 (2003)

[21] Penn RL, Banfield JF, American Mineralogist, 83, 1077 (1998)

[22] Penn RL, Banfield JF, American Mineralogist, 84, 871 (1999)