비전통자원개발에 따른 수처리 최신 기술

김극태; 정건용; 박정규; Geug Tae Kim; Kun Yong Chung; Jung Kyu Park

Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.52, No.2, 154-165, April, 2014

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비전통자원개발에 따른 수처리 최신 기술

Recent Water Treatment Technology for Unconventional Natural Resource Development

김극태, 정건용¹, 박정규^{2, †}

한남대학교 화학공학과, 305-811 대전광역시 유성구 유성대로 1646
¹서울과학기술대학교 화공생명공학과, 139-743 서울시 노원구 공릉길 232
²한국지질자원연구원 미래정책연구실, 305-350 대전광역시 유성구 과학로 124

Geug Tae Kim, Kun Yong Chung¹, and Jung Kyu Park^{2, †}

Department of Chemical Engineering, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
¹Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongneung-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Korea
²Future R&D Policy Department, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahang-no, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Korea

E-mail:

초록

최근 수평시추, 수압파쇄 등의 기술발전에 따라 셰일가스, 셰일오일, 석탄층 메탄가스 등 비전통자원개발이 활성화 되었다. 이러한 기술발전으로 생산성이 향상되었지만, 화학약품이 포함된 수압파쇄 유체와 오일, 가스와 고농도의 염과 방사성 물질을 함유하는 생산수가 가스 생산중 발생하게 된다. 이같이 생성된 대량의 폐수에 따른 부정적인 환경적 요인은 비전통자원개발에 주요 장애요소로 급격히 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비전통자원개발에 따른 회수수와 생산수의 처리방법에 대한 융합적인 토대를 제시하고, 새롭게 떠오르는 다양한 수처리 기술을 총설하고자 한다. 비전통 자원개발 현장에 적용 가능한 기본적인 분리공정인 막분리, 증발, 결정화, 탈염공정 기술을 소개하고 또한 대량의 수자원을 사용하는 비전통자원개발의 특성상 물의 재이용 및 재활용이 가능한 기술을 소개하고자 한다.

Development of unconventional natural resources such as shale gas, shale oil and coal bed methane, has been activated and improved the productivity due to the recent technology advance in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. However, the flowback water mixed with chemical additives, and the brine water containing oil, gas, high levels of salts and radioactive metals is produced during the gas production. Potential negative environmental impact due to large volumes of the produced wastewater is increasingly seen as the major obstacles to the unconventional natural resource development. In this study an integrated framework for the flowback and brine water treatment is proposed, and we reviewed the upcoming state of the art technology in water treatment. Basic separation processes which include not only membrane, evaporation, crystallization and desalination processes, but the potential water reuse and recycling techniques can be applied for the unconventional natural resource industry.

Keywords:Unconventional Resources;Shale Gas;Water Treatment

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Campin D, “Environmental Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing in Queensland,” Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1-47 (2013)
Kwon SD, Hong JH, Kim DM, Park MJ, “The Development of Environmental CBM with Feasibility Study of Water Treatment Technologies,” Mine Reclamation Corp., Research Report, 2013-123 (2013)
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[1] http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/showtext.cfm?t=ptb0401.

[2] Lee GS, Kim HT, Management of Produced Water in Oil Fields, Gumi publisher, Seoul (2010)

[3] Kaiser MJ, “Haynesville Shale Play Economic Analysis,” J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 82-83, 75-89 (2012)

[4] Campin D, “Environmental Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing in Queensland,” Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1-47 (2013)

[5] Kwon SD, Hong JH, Kim DM, Park MJ, “The Development of Environmental CBM with Feasibility Study of Water Treatment Technologies,” Mine Reclamation Corp., Research Report, 2013-123 (2013)

[6] KIAT, “2011 Roadmap of Industrial Technology(Plant/Engineering),” Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology, 126 (2012)

[7] EIA, “Annual Energy Outlook 2011,” United States Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, DOE/EIA-0383 (2011). http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/archive/aeo11/index.cfm.

[8] Gregory KB, Vidic RD, Dzombak DA, Element, 7, 181 (2011)

[9] http://www.skifergas.dl.

[10] Arthur JD, Bohm B, Coughlin BJ, Layne M, “Evaluating the Environmental Implications of Hydraulic Fracturing in shale Gas Reservoirs,” All Consulting (2008)

[11] API, “Water Management Associated with Hydraulic Fracturing,” American Petroleum Institute, API Guidence Document HF2, 1st Ed (2010)

[12] McCurdy R, “High Rate Hydraulic Fracturing additives in Non- Marcellus Unconventional Shales,” From Processing of the Technical Workshops for the Hydraulic Fracturing Study: Chemical and Analytical Methods, EPA 600/R-11, US EPA, Washington DC (2011)

[13] Arthur JD, Bohm B, Coughlin BJ, Layne M, “Evaluating the Environmental Implications of Hydraulic Fracturing in shale Gas Reservoirs,” All Consulting (2008)

[14] Horn AD, “Breakthrough Mobile Water Treatment Converts 75% of Fracturing Flowback Fluid to Fresh Water and Lowers CO Emissions,” Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 121104, 1 (2009)

[15] McCloskey BD, Park HB, Ju H, Rowe BW, Miller DJ, Freeman BD, “A Bioinspired Fouling-Resistant Surface Modification for Water Purification Membranes,” J. Memb. Sci., 413-414, 82 (2012)

[16] Yoon SM, Park K, Kim JY, Han HJ, Kim TI, Kang KS, Bae W, Rhee YW, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 49(6), 681 (2011)

[17] Gaudlip AW, Paugh LO, “Marcellus Shale Water Management Challenges in Pennsylvania,” Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 119898, 1 (2008)

[18] Shin YS, Kwak DJ, Park KS, Jeong YS, Yoo JH, Lee JY, “The Impacts of Shale Gas Revolution on Korea Industries and Implications,” Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade, Research Report 2013-656 (2013)

[19] Na KW, Kim KW, Park HW, Introduction to the Environmental Aspects of Shale Gas Development, CIR publisher, Seoul (2013)

[20] Ko WS, Shim HH, Yoo IJ, Lee JJ, Heo KS, “Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering,” 3rd (ed.), Bomoondang, Seoul, 421 (2003)

[21] Kimball B. (2011) Key Considerations for Frac Flowback/Produced Water Reuse and Treatment. NJWEA Annul Conference, Atlantic City, NJ, USA, May 9-13,2011.

[22] Jing M, Griffin WM, Hendrickson C, Jaramillo P, Briesen JV, Venkatesh A, “Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Marcellus Shale Gas,” Environ. Res. Lett., 6(034014), 1 (2011)

[23] http://www.veilenvironmental.com/produced_water.html.

[24] http://aqwatec.mines.edu/produced_water/treat/index.htm.

[25] Kargbo DM, Wilhelm RG, Campbell DJ, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44(15), 5679 (2010)