The effect of gamma irradiation on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of glass fiber reinforced polyethylene waste/ reclaim rubber composites

Medhat M. Hassan; Raouf O. Aly; Jehan A. Hasanen; El Sayed F. El Sayed

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.20, No.3, 947-952, May, 2014

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2013.06.027 Export Citation

The effect of gamma irradiation on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of glass fiber reinforced polyethylene waste/ reclaim rubber composites

Medhat M. Hassan^†, Raouf O. Aly, Jehan A. Hasanen¹, and El Sayed F. El Sayed

Department of Polymer Chemistry, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

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Composites of waste polyethylene (WPE), collected from municipal solid waste/recycled waste rubber powder (RWRP) reactive compatibilizing agent, maleic anhydride (MA) and glass fiber (GF) up to 20 wt%, prepared by melting and irradiated with gamma-rays up to 150 kGy have been studied. Tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (Eb), elastic modulus, hardness, thermal and morphological parameters of the irradiated composites were investigated. The examined mechanical properties have been found to improve largely with filler content. Interesting Eb behavior has been detected for the irradiated composites loaded up to ~10 wt% GF and has been basically discussed in view of matrix crystallinity and morphology. TGA thermograms of unirradiated composites revealed enhanced thermal stability than that reported for the blend whereas comparatively slight improvement has been demonstrated by irradiation. Whereby insignificant alteration in Tm values was observed by loading or irradiation, yet △Hm maximum of 3.41 J/g, indicated for the 5 wt% GF irradiated composite with an integral dose of 75 kGy, emphasizes the influence of the relatively moderate load and dose levels on matrix stability. The phenomenon has been confirmed by the respective SEM micrographs.

Keywords:Waste polyethylene;Reclaim rubber;Glass fiber;Irradiation;mechanical;thermal;morphological parameters

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[2] De D, Maiti S, Adhikari B, Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst., 53(6), 346 (2000)

[3] Knorr K, Kautschuk, Gummi, Kunststoffe, 47(1), 54 (1994)

[4] Kohler R, O’Neill J, Rubber World, 216(2), 32 (1999)

[5] Ishiaku US, Chong CS, Ismail H, Polym. Test, 18(8), 621 (1999)

[6] Myhre MJ, Mackillop DA, Rubber Chem. Technol., 75(3), 429 (2002)

[7] Adhikari B, De D, Maiti S, Prog. Polym. Sci, 25(7), 909 (2000)

[8] Naskar AK, De SK, Bhowmick AK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 84(2), 370 (2002)

[9] Punnarak P, Tantayanon S, Tangpasuthadol V, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 91(12), 3456 (2006)

[10] Guo B, Cao Y, Jia D, Qiu Q, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 289(4), 360 (2004)

[11] Yang J, in: Cooper WJ, Curry RD, O’Shea KE (Eds.), Environmental Applications of Ionizing Radiation, Wiley, New York, 1998, p. 601. (1998)

[12] Hassan MM, Aly RO, Hasanen JA, El Sayed EF, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 117(4), 2428 (2010)

[13] Hassan MM, Badway NA, Gamal MA, Elnaggar YM, Hegazy EA, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms, 268, 2527 (2010)

[14] Martins MA, Mattoso LHC, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 91(1), 670 (2004)

[15] Laura DM, Keskkula H, Barlow JW, Paul DR, Polymer, 41, 7165 (2007)

[16] Kamal K, Kar KK, Sharma SD, Kumar B, Polym. Compos., 28, 618 (2007)

[17] Awang M, Ismail H, J. Vinyl Additive Tech., 15, 29 (2009)

[18] Singh P, Kaushik A, Kaur K, J. Thermoplastic Comp. Mater., 18, 543 (2005)

[19] Hassan A, Rahman NA, Yahya R, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 30(14), 1223 (2011)

[20] Samal SK, Mohanty S, Nayak SK, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 28, 2729 (2009)

[21] Refaee ASA, Elnashar DE, Abd-El-Messeih SL, Abd-Elnour KN, Mater. Des., 30, 3760 (2009)

[22] Hassan MM, Ali AEH, Mahoud GA, Hegazy ESA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 96(5), 1741 (2005)

[23] Hassan MM, Mahmoud GA, El-Nahas HH, Hegazy ESA, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 104(4), 2569 (2007)

[24] Perera R, Albanob C, Gonzaleza J, Silva P, Ichazoa M, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 85, 741 (2004)

[25] Yuan Q, Bateman SA, Shen S, Esparza CG, J. Thermoplastic Comp. Mater., 26(1), 30 (2011)