- Previous Article
- Next Article
- Table of Contents
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.31, No.7, 1095-1104, July, 2014
Organic solar cells based on conjugated polymers: History and recent advances
E-mail:
Organic solar cells have attracted huge attention because of their potential in the low-cost manufacturing of plastic solar modules featuring flexible, lightweight, ultrathin, rollable and bendable shapes. The power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells is now passing ~10%, which is a critical sign toward commercialization because organic solar cells surpass any other types of solar cells in terms of development speed. The encouraging efficiency enhancement could be realized by introducing a ‘bulk heterojunction’ concept that overcomes the weakness of organic semiconductors by minimizing their charge transport paths through making effective p-n junctions inside bulk organic films. However, there are several hurdles for commercialization, including stability and lifetime issues, owing to the bulk heterojunction concept. This review summarizes the important aspects of organic solar cells, particularly focusing on conjugated polymers as an active layer component.
Keywords:Organic Solar Cells;Power Conversion Efficiency;Bulk Heterojunction;Conjugated Polymer;Flexible;Charge Transport
- Kalowekamo J, Baker E, Sol. Energy, 83, 1224 (2009)
- Borchers AM, Duke JM, Parsons GR, Energy Policy, 35(6), 3327 (2007)
- Habas SE, Platt HAS, van Hest MFAM, Ginley DS, Chem. Rev., 110(11), 6571 (2010)
- Bergmann RB, Appl. Phys. A, 69, 187 (1999)
- Li B, Wang LD, Kang BN, Wang P, Qiu Y, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 90(5), 549 (2006)
- Pochettino A, Acad. Lincei Rend., 15, 355 (1906)
- Koenigsberger J, Ann. Phys., 32, 179 (1910)
- Mette H, Pick H, Z. Physik., 134, 566 (1953)
- Hoegel H, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 755 (1965)
- Kallmann H, Pope M, J. Chem. Phys., 30, 585 (1959)
- LeBlanc OH, J. Chem. Phys., 30, 1443 (1959)
- Kepler RG, Phys. Rev., 119, 1226 (1960)
- Mark P, Helfrich W, J. Appl. Phys., 33, 205 (1962)
- Geacintov N, Pope M, Kallmann H, J. Chem. Phys., 45, 2639 (1966)
- Tang CW, Appl. Phys. Lett., 48, 183 (1986)
- Gregg BA, Fox MA, Bard AJ, MRS Proceedings, 173 (1989)
- Sariciftci NS, Smilowitz L, Heeger AJ, Wudl F, Science, 258, 1474 (1992)
- Yu G, Gao J, Hummelen JC, Wudl F, Heeger AJ, Science, 270(5243), 1789 (1995)
- Halls JJ, Walsh CA, Greenham NC, Marseglia EA, Friend RH, Moratti SC, Holmes AB, Nature, 376(6540), 498 (1995)
- Yu G, Heeger AJ, J. Appl. Phys., 78, 4510 (1995)
- Johnson B, Kendrick MJ, Ostroverkhova O, J. Appl. Phys., 114, 094508 (2013)
- Dou L, You J, Hong Z, Xu Z, Li G, Street RA, Yang Y, Adv. Mater., 25, 6642 (2013)
- Coropceanu V, Cornil J, da Silva DA, Olivier Y, Silbey R, Bredas JL, Chem. Rev., 107(4), 926 (2007)
- Troisi A, Orlandi G, Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 086601 (2006)
- Dennler G, Scharber MC, Brabec CJ, Adv. Mater., 21(13), 1323 (2009)
- Sun SS, Sariciftci N, Organic Photovoltaics, CRC Press (2005)
- Hiramoto M, Suezaki M, Yokoyama M, Chem. Lett., 19, 327 (1990)
- Ameri T, Dennler G, Lungenschmied C, Brabec CJ, Energy Environ. Sci., 2, 347 (2009)
- Brabec CJ, Durrant JR, MRS Bull., 33, 670 (2008)
- Krebs FC, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 93(4), 394 (2009)
- Padinger F, Rittberger RS, Sariciftci NS, Adv. Funct. Mater., 13(1), 85 (2003)
- Kim Y, Choulis SA, Nelson J, Bradley DDC, Cook S, Durrant JR, Appl. Phys. Lett., 86, 063502 (2005)
- Li G, Shrotriya V, Yao Y, Yang Y, J. Appl. Phys., 98, 043704
- Li G, Shrotriya V, Huang JS, Yao Y, Moriarty T, Emery K, Yang Y, Nat. Mater., 4(11), 864 (2005)
- Ma WL, Yang CY, Gong X, Lee K, Heeger AJ, Adv. Funct. Mater., 15(10), 1617 (2005)
- Kim Y, Cook S, Tuladhar SM, Choulis SA, Nelson J, Durrant JR, Bradley DDC, Giles M, Mcculloch I, Ha CS, Ree M, Nat. Mater., 5(3), 197 (2006)
- Shaheen SE, Brabec CJ, Sariciftci NS, Appl. Phys. Lett., 78, 841 (2001)
- Hoppe H, Glatzel T, Niggemann M, Schwinger W, Schaeffler F, Hinsch A, Lux-Steiner MC, Sariciftci NS, Thin Solid Films, 511-512, 587 (2006)
- Liang YY, Xu Z, Xia JB, Tsai ST, Wu Y, Li G, Ray C, Yu LP, Adv. Mater., 22, 135 (2010)
- He ZC, Zhong CM, Su SJ, Xu M, Wu HB, Cao Y, Nat. Photonics, 6, 591 (2012)
- Woo S, Kim WH, Kim H, Yi Y, Lyu HK, Kim Y, Adv. Energy Mater., 4, 1301692 (2014)
- Yang XN, van Duren JKJ, Janssen RAJ, Michels MAJ, Loos J, Macromolecules, 37(6), 2151 (2004)
- Kim Y, Cook S, Choulis SA, Nelson J, Durrant JR, Bradley DDC, Proceedings of IEEE 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 1LN-C-01 (2004) (presented in 2002).
- Kim Y, Cook S, Choulis SA, Nelson J, Durrant JR, Bradley DDC, Presented in the International Conference on Physics, Chemistry and Engineering of Solar Cells, Spain (2004)
- Kim Y, Shin M, Kim H, Ha Y, Ha CS, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 41, 225101 (2008)
- He YJ, Chen HY, Hou JH, Li YF, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132(4), 1377 (2010)
- Peet J, Kim JY, Coates NE, Ma WL, Moses D, Heeger AJ, Bazan GC, Nat. Mater., 6(7), 497 (2007)
- Park SH, Roy A, Beaupre S, Cho S, Coates NE, Moon JS, Moses D, Leclerc M, Lee K, Heeger AJ, Nat. Photon., 3, 297 (2009)
- Chen H, Hou J, Zhang S, Liang Y, Yang G, Yang Y, Yu L, Wu Y, Li G, Nat. Photon., 3, 649 (2009)
- Price SC, Stuart AC, Yang L, Zhou H, You W, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 4625 (2011)
- Moon JS, Jo J, Heeger AJ, Adv. Energy Mater., 2, 304 (2012)
- Li WW, Hendriks KH, Roelofs WSC, Kim Y, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ, Adv. Mater., 25(23), 3182 (2013)
- Zhang M, Gu Y, Guo X, Liu F, Zhang S, Huo L, Russell TP, Hou J, Adv. Mater., 25, 4944 (2013)
- Liao SH, Jhuo HJ, Cheng YS, Chen SA, Adv. Mater., 25, 4766 (2013)
- Guo X, Zhou N, Lou SJ, Smith J, Tice DB, Hennek JW, Ortiz RP, Navarrete JTL, Li S, Strzalka J, Chen LX, Chang RPH, Facchetti A, Marks TJ, Nat. Photon., 7, 825 (2013)
- Cook S, Furube A, Katoh R, Han LY, Chem. Phys. Lett., 478(1-3), 33 (2009)
- Nogimura A, Akaike K, Nakanishi R, Eguchi R, Kanai K, Org. Electron., 14, 3222 (2013)
- Kim JY, Lee K, Coates NE, Moses D, Nguyen TQ, Dante M, Heeger AJ, Science, 317, 222 (2007)
- Dou LT, You JB, Yang J, Chen CC, He YJ, Murase S, Moriarty T, Emery K, Li G, Yang Y, Nat. Photon., 6, 180 (2012)
- Li WW, Furlan A, Hendriks KH, Wienk MM, Janssen RAJ, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135(15), 5529 (2013)
- You JB, Dou LT, Yoshimura K, Kato T, Ohya K, Moriarty T, Emery K, Chen CC, Gao J, LiG, Yang Y, Nat. Commun., 4, 1446 (2013)
- Kim Y, Ha CS, Advances in Organic Light-Emitting Devices, Trans Tech Publications, Zurich (2008)
- Kim H, Nam S, Lee H, Woo S, Ha CS, Ree M, Kim Y, J. Phys. Chem. C, 115, 13502 (2011)
- Lee S, Nam S, Lee H, Kim H, Kim Y, ChemSusChem, 4, 1607 (2011)
- Kim H, Shin M, Park J, Kim Y, ChemSusChem, 3, 476 (2010)
- Hauch JA, Schilinsky P, Choulis SA, Childers R, Biele M, Brabec CJ, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 92(7), 727 (2008)
- Krebs FC, Carle JE, Cruys-Bagger N, Andersen M, Lilliedal MR, Hammond MA, Hvidt S, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 86(4), 499 (2005)
- Schuller S, Schilinsky P, Hauch J, Brabec CJ, Appl. Phys. A Mater., 79, 37 (2004)
- Granstrom M, Petritsch K, Arias AC, Lux A, Andersson MR, Friend RH, Nature, 395(6699), 257 (1998)
- Arias AC, MacKenzie JD, Stevenson R, Halls JJM, Inbasekaran M, Woo EP, Richards D, Friend RH, Macromolecules, 34(17), 6005 (2001)
- Kim Y, Cook S, Choulis SA, Nelson J, Durrant JR, Bradley DDC, Chem. Mater., 16, 4812 (2004)
- Alam MM, Jenekhe SA, Chem. Mater., 16, 4647 (2004)
- Kietzke T, Hrhold HH, Neher D, Chem. Mater., 17, 6532 (2005)
- McNeill CR, Abrusci A, Zaumseil J, Wilson R, McKiernan MJ, Burroughes JH, Halls JJM, Greenham NC, Friend RH, Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, 193506 (2007)
- Zhan XW, Tan ZA, Domercq B, An ZS, Zhang X, Barlow S, Li YF, Zhu DB, Kippelen B, Marder SR, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129(23), 7246 (2007)
- Tan ZA, Zhou EJ, Zhan XW, Wang X, Li YF, Barlow S, Marder SR, Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, 073309 (2008)
- Holcombe TW, Woo CH, Kavulak DFJ, Thompson BC, Frechet JMJ, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(40), 14160 (2009)
- Mikroyannidis JA, Stylianakis MM, Sharma GD, Balraju P, Roy MS, J. Phys. Chem. C., 113, 7904 (2009)
- He X, Gao F, Tu G, Hasko D, Huttner S, Steiner U, Greenham NC, Friend RH, Huck WTS, Nano Lett., 10, 1302 (2010)
- Mori D, Benten H, Kosaka J, Ohkita H, Ito S, Miyake K, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 3, 2924 (2011)
- Nam S, Shin M, Kim H, Ha CS, Ree M, Kim Y, Adv. Funct. Mater., 21(23), 4527 (2011)
- Zhou E, Cong J, Wei Q, Tajima K, Yang C, Hashimoto K, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50, 2799 (2011)
- Moore JR, Seifried SA, Rao A, Massip S, Watts B, Morgan DJ, Friend RH, McNeill CR, Sirringhaus H, Adv. Energy Mater., 1, 230 (2011)
- Nam S, Shin M, Park S, Lee S, Kim H, Kim Y, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 14, 15046 (2012)
- Mori D, Benten H, Ohkita H, Ito S, Miyake K, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 4, 3325 (2012)
- Liu XL, Huettner S, Rong ZX, Sommer M, Friend RH, Adv. Mater., 24(5), 669 (2012)
- Facchetti A, Presented at the 3rd Conference on Organic Photovoltaics, Wurzburg, Germany (2012), http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/~afa912/.
- Schubert M, Dolfen D, Frisch J, Roland S, Steyrleuthner R, Stiller B, Chen Z, Scherf U, Koch N, Facchetti A, Neher D, Adv. Energy Mater., 2, 369 (2012)
- Nakabayashi K, Mori H, Macromolecules, 45(24), 9618 (2012)
- Zhou E, Cong J, Zhao M, Zhang L, Hashimoto K, Tajima K, Chem. Commun., 48, 5283 (2012)
- Tang YQ, McNeill CR, J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys., 51(6), 403 (2013)
- Zhou N, Lin H, Lou SJ, Yu X, Guo P, Manley EF, Loser S, Hartnett P, Huang H, Wasielewski MR, Chen LX, Chang RPH, Facchetti A, Marks TJ, Adv. Energy Mater. (2013), DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201300785.
- Earmme T, Hwang YJ, Murari NM, Subramaniyan S, Jenekhe SA, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135(40), 14960 (2013)
- Facchetti A, Presented at the Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaic Conference, Sevilla, Spain (2013), http://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/~afa912/.
- Nelson J, Mater. Today, 14, 462 (2011)
- Dennler G, Scharber MC, Brabec CJ, Adv. Mater., 21(13), 1323 (2009)
- Blom PWM, Mihailetchi VD, Koster LJA, Markov DE, Adv. Mater., 19(12), 1551 (2007)
- Mayer AC, Scully SR, Hardin BE, Rowell MW, McGehee MD, Mater. Today, 10, 28 (2007)
- Li G, Zhu R, Yang Y, Nat. Photon., 6, 153 (2012)