Removal of turbidity from drinking water using natural coagulants

G. Muthuraman; S. Sasikala

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.20, No.4, 1727-1731, July, 2014

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2013.08.023 Export Citation

Removal of turbidity from drinking water using natural coagulants

G. Muthuraman^†, and S. Sasikala

Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai 600 005, India

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The ability of three plant materials, seeds such as Moringa oleifera, Strychnos potatorum and Phaseolus vulgaris, to act as natural coagulants was tested using synthetic turbid water formulated to resemble the drinking water. An improved and alternative method for the extraction of the active coagulant agent M. oleifera, S. potatorum, P. vulgaris seeds was developed and compared with the conventional water extraction method. In the new method the seeds were extracted using different solvents of NaCl and NaOH to extract the active coagulant agent from natural coagulants. In addition, ultrasound was investigated as a potential method to assist the extraction process. Batch coagulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the extracted coagulant achieved through various schemes. The optimum turbidity removal at different values of initial synthetic wastewater turbidity from 100 to 500 NTU was investigated. Sodium chloride at 0.5 M was found to provide a high turbidity removal of >99% compared to NaOH and distilled water extract. Among these three coagulant M. oleifera seed extracts is the highest performance in turbidity removal. The optimum coagulant dosage showed the coagulation with blended coagulant M. oleifera, S. potatorum and P. vulgaris. The study was carried out for initial turbidity of the sample such as 100 NTU (low), 250 NTU (medium) and 500 NTU (high). For the natural coagulant dosage was found to be 250-1000 mg/L respectively. It was found that the percentage of removal is highest in M. oleifera.

Keywords:Coagulation;Moringa oleifera;Strychnos potatorum;Phaseolus vulgaris;Turbidity

[References]

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Sayyer S, Abidin Z, Yunus R, Mahammed AJ, Appl. Sci., 11(13), 2444 (2011)
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[Referenced By]

[1] Aboulhassan MA, Souabi S, Yaacoubi A, Baudu M, J. Hazard. Mater., 138(1), 40 (2006)

[2] Chang YS, Kim JH, Murugasan K, Kim YM, Kim EJ, Jeon JR, Chemosphere, 77, 1090 (2009)

[3] Pillai VNS, Divakaran R, Water Res., 36, 2414 (2002)

[4] Flaton TP, Brain Res. Bull., 55(2), 187 (2002)

[5] Martyn CN, Osmond C, Edwardson JA, Barker DJP, Harris EC, Lacey RF, Lancet, 1333, 6162 (1989)

[6] Mallavialle J, Brichet A, Fiessinger F, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 76, 87 (1987)

[7] Liew AC, Noor MJMM, Muyibi SA, Int. J. Environ. Stud., 63(2), 211 (2006)

[8] Antony MG, Sciban MB, Petrovic NJ, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 2167 (2010)

[9] Antov MG, Sciban MB, Petrovic NJ, Bioresour. Technol., 101(7), 2167 (2010)

[10] Rajeshwanshi PK, Mandloi M, Sharma A, Malviya HS, Chadhari S, J. Water Qual. Res. Can., 37(4), 745 (2002)

[11] Adinolfi M, Corsare MM, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Fplkard G, Grant W, Sutherland J, Carbohydr. Res., 263, 103 (1994)

[12] Madrona GS, Serpelloni GB, Vieira AMS, Nishi L, Cordeio KC, Water Air Soil Pollut., 211, 409 (2011)

[13] Ndabigengesere A, Narasiah KS, Talbot BG, Water Res., 9(2), 703 (1995)

[14] Okuda T, Baes AU, Nishijima W, Okada M, Water Res., 33(15), 3375 (1999)

[15] John ASIEN SAAJ, samia of AWWA, Manage. Oper. 50 (1994) 45.

[16] Singh H, Kapoor VK, Planta Med., 28, 392 (1975)

[17] Tepic A, Vujicic B, Vasic M, Lucie A 2nd International congress on Food and Nutrition. Istanbul, Abstract book,p.180 (2007) 148.

[18] Antov M, Sciban M, Petrovic N, Bioresour. Technol., 100, 2167 (2010)

[19] Muyibi SA, Okufu CA, Int. J. Environ. Stud., 48, 263 (2007)

[20] Sayyer S, Abidin Z, Yunus R, Mahammed AJ, Appl. Sci., 11(13), 2444 (2011)

[21] John SAA, J. Am. Waterworks Assoc., 80, 43 (1988)

[22] Moconnachie GL, Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Marit. Energy, 101, 55 (1993)

[23] Asima C, Satyesh CP, The treatise of Indian medicinal plant. Publication and information of directorate, CSIR, New Delhi 4 (2001) 85.

[24] Ashokshenoy K, Somayaji SN, Bairy KL, Ind. J. Pharmacol., 33, 260 (2001)