Electrochemically synthesized GIC-based adsorbents for water treatment through adsorption and electrochemical regeneration

H.M.A. Asghar; S.N. Hussain; H. Sattar; N.W. Brown; E.P.L. Roberts

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.20, No.4, 2200-2207, July, 2014

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.051 Export Citation

Electrochemically synthesized GIC-based adsorbents for water treatment through adsorption and electrochemical regeneration

H.M.A. Asghar^{1, 2, †}, S.N. Hussain², H. Sattar³, N.W. Brown⁴, and E.P.L. Roberts⁵

¹Institute of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Punjab University, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
²School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, M60 1QD, UK
³School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
⁴Arvia Technology Limited, Daresbury Innovation Centre, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4FS, UK
⁵Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada

E-mail:

The flake GIC material delivered a small adsorptive capacity for a number of organic pollutants, however, underwent quick adsorption and electrochemical regeneration in minutes. In this study, binary and ternary GIC-based adsorbents were prepared using electrochemical intercalation of Chinese large flake graphite (CLFG) and Madagascan medium flake graphite (MMFG) materials. In this context GICbisulphate, GIC-nitrate, GIC-bisulphate-acetate, GIC nitrate-bisulphate, and GIC-nitrate-acetate were developed and characterized in order to evaluate their adsorptive and electrical properties. The adsorption behaviour was studied using an organic dye, acid violet 17, as a model dissolved organic pollutant. The treatment time and acid concentration for electrochemical intercalation were optimized in order to maximize the adsorptive capacity of the GIC based adsorbents. GIC-bisulphate delivered double adsorptive capacity after electrochemical intercalation, whereas, GIC nitrate diminished the adsorptive capacity to one half that of GIC bisulphate. However, no significant effect of ternary intercalated compounds was observed in terms of improved adsorption capacity or electrical conductivity.

Keywords:Water treatment;Adsorption;Electrochemical regeneration;Electrochemical intercalation and electrical;conductivity

[References]

Ebert B, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 6, 181 (1976)
Dresselhaus MS, Dresselhaus G, Adv. Phys., 51(1), 1 (2002)
Mckelvy MJ, Glaunsinger WS, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 41, 497 (1990)
Vieira F, Cisneros I, Rosa NG, Trindade GM, Mohallem NDS, Carbon, 44, 2587 (2006)
Chung DDL, J. Mater. Sci., 37(8), 1475 (2002)
Inagaki M, J. Mater. Res., 4(6), 1560 (1989)
Sorokina NE, Leshin VS, Avdeev VV, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 65, 185 (2004)
Sorokina NE, Monyakina LA, Maksimova NV, Nikol IV, Avdeev VV, Inorg. Mater., 38(5), 589 (2002)
Sorokina NE, Maksimova NV, Nikitin AV, Shornikova ON, Avdeev VV, Inorg. Mater., 37(6), 584 (2001)
Brown NW, Roberts EPL, J. Appl. Electrochem., 37(11), 1329 (2007)
Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Garforth AA, Dryfe RAW, Water Sci. Technol., 49, 219 (2004)
Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Chasiotis A, Cherdron T, Sanghrajaka N, Water Res., 38, 3067 (2004)
Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Garforth AA, Dryfe RAW, Electrochim. Acta, 49(20), 3269 (2004)
Asghar HMA, Hussain SN, Roberts EPL, Brown NW, J. Korean. Chem. Eng., 30(7) (2013)
Asghar HMA, Roberts EPL, Hussain SN, Campen AK, Brown NW, J. Appl. Electrochem., 42(9), 797 (2012)
Asghar HMA, Hussain SN, Roberts EPL, Campen AK, Brown NW, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.02.007 (2013)
Hussain SN, Asghar HMA, Campen AK, Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Electrochim. Acta, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.017 (2013)
Hussain SN, Roberts EPL, Asghar HMA, Campen AK, Brown NW, Electrochim. Acta, 92, 20 (2013)
Contiramsdon M, Asghar HMA, Hussain SN, Roberts EPL, Brown NW, Water Sci. Technol., 66, 1849 (2012)
Mohammed FM, Roberts EPL, Hill A, Campen AC, Brown NW, Water Res., 45, 3065 (2011)
Mohammed FM, Roberts EPL, Campen AK, Brown NW, J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng., 2, 223 (2012)
Asghar HMA, Development of Graphitic Adsorbents for Water Treatment Using Adsorption and Electrochemical Regeneration, University of Manchester, Manchester, 2011 (Ph.D. thesis).
Asghar HMA, Hussain SN, Sattar H, Brown NW, Roberts EPL, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.014 (2013)
Brown NW, Development of a cleaner process for the manufacture of exfoliating graphite, Dissertation submitted as part of the Master of Science degree in Integrated Pollution Management. The University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, 1995.
Maksimova NV, Sorokina NE, Shornikova ON, Avdeev VV, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 65, 177 (2004)
Kirkup L, Experimental Methods: An Introduction to the Analysis and Presentation of Data, John Wiley & Sons, Brisbane, 1994.
Narbaitz RM, Cen J, Water Res., 28, 1771 (1994)
Streat M, Horner DJ, Process Saf. Environ. Protect., 78, 363 (2000)

[Referenced By]

[1] Ebert B, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 6, 181 (1976)

[2] Dresselhaus MS, Dresselhaus G, Adv. Phys., 51(1), 1 (2002)

[3] Mckelvy MJ, Glaunsinger WS, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem., 41, 497 (1990)

[4] Vieira F, Cisneros I, Rosa NG, Trindade GM, Mohallem NDS, Carbon, 44, 2587 (2006)

[5] Chung DDL, J. Mater. Sci., 37(8), 1475 (2002)

[6] Inagaki M, J. Mater. Res., 4(6), 1560 (1989)

[7] Sorokina NE, Leshin VS, Avdeev VV, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 65, 185 (2004)

[8] Sorokina NE, Monyakina LA, Maksimova NV, Nikol IV, Avdeev VV, Inorg. Mater., 38(5), 589 (2002)

[9] Sorokina NE, Maksimova NV, Nikitin AV, Shornikova ON, Avdeev VV, Inorg. Mater., 37(6), 584 (2001)

[10] Brown NW, Roberts EPL, J. Appl. Electrochem., 37(11), 1329 (2007)

[11] Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Garforth AA, Dryfe RAW, Water Sci. Technol., 49, 219 (2004)

[12] Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Chasiotis A, Cherdron T, Sanghrajaka N, Water Res., 38, 3067 (2004)

[13] Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Garforth AA, Dryfe RAW, Electrochim. Acta, 49(20), 3269 (2004)

[14] Asghar HMA, Hussain SN, Roberts EPL, Brown NW, J. Korean. Chem. Eng., 30(7) (2013)

[15] Asghar HMA, Roberts EPL, Hussain SN, Campen AK, Brown NW, J. Appl. Electrochem., 42(9), 797 (2012)

[16] Asghar HMA, Hussain SN, Roberts EPL, Campen AK, Brown NW, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.02.007 (2013)

[17] Hussain SN, Asghar HMA, Campen AK, Brown NW, Roberts EPL, Electrochim. Acta, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.017 (2013)

[18] Hussain SN, Roberts EPL, Asghar HMA, Campen AK, Brown NW, Electrochim. Acta, 92, 20 (2013)

[19] Contiramsdon M, Asghar HMA, Hussain SN, Roberts EPL, Brown NW, Water Sci. Technol., 66, 1849 (2012)

[20] Mohammed FM, Roberts EPL, Hill A, Campen AC, Brown NW, Water Res., 45, 3065 (2011)

[21] Mohammed FM, Roberts EPL, Campen AK, Brown NW, J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng., 2, 223 (2012)

[22] Asghar HMA, Development of Graphitic Adsorbents for Water Treatment Using Adsorption and Electrochemical Regeneration, University of Manchester, Manchester, 2011 (Ph.D. thesis).

[23] Asghar HMA, Hussain SN, Sattar H, Brown NW, Roberts EPL, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2013.09.014 (2013)

[24] Brown NW, Development of a cleaner process for the manufacture of exfoliating graphite, Dissertation submitted as part of the Master of Science degree in Integrated Pollution Management. The University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester, 1995.

[25] Maksimova NV, Sorokina NE, Shornikova ON, Avdeev VV, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 65, 177 (2004)

[26] Kirkup L, Experimental Methods: An Introduction to the Analysis and Presentation of Data, John Wiley & Sons, Brisbane, 1994.

[27] Narbaitz RM, Cen J, Water Res., 28, 1771 (1994)

[28] Streat M, Horner DJ, Process Saf. Environ. Protect., 78, 363 (2000)