Catalysis Today, Vol.233, 92-99, 2014
Polymer grafted with asymmetrical dication ionic liquid as efficient and reusable catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and expoxides
Polymer grafted with asymmetrical dication ionic liquid (IL) based on imidazolium and phosphonium ([P-Im-C4H8Ph3P]Br-2) was fabricated, and for the first time evaluated as catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 without using any co-catalyst and solvent. The catalyst showed much superior activity than monocation imidazolium and phosphonium ILs. At a low catalyst loading (0.38 mol%), high yield (96.8%) and selectivity (99.5%) of propylene carbonate can be obtained over [P-Im-C4H8Ph3P]Br-2 at 130 degrees C and 2.5 MPa in 4 h. The cooperation of nucleophilic attack of bromine anions as well as the activation of the two cations may contribute to the good activity of the catalyst. Furthermore, the catalyst shows excellent stability and reusability. It can be reused for up to five runs without any significant loss of catalytic activity after simple filtration. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Carbon dioxide;Epoxide;Cyclic carbonate;Asymmetrical dication ionic liquid;Heterogeneous catalysis