극성 오일, 비이온성 계면활성제를 포함한 계에서의 Videomicroscopy를 이용한 동적 거동에 관한 연구

임종주

Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.8, No.3, 473-481, June, 1997

Export Citation

극성 오일, 비이온성 계면활성제를 포함한 계에서의 Videomicroscopy를 이용한 동적 거동에 관한 연구

Dynamic Behavior Study Using Videomicroscopy in Systems Containing Polar Oils and Nonionic Surfactant

임종주

초록

Videomicroscopy를 이용하여 비이온성 계면활성제 수용액과 oleyl alcohol, oleic acid와 같은 극성 오일을 접촉시켰을 때 일어나는 동적 거동을 관찰하였다. Vertical-stage의 현미경을 사용하여 비이온성 계면활성제 수용액상 위에 동일한 부피의 오일상을 주입하여 두 상을 접촉시켰을 때 일어나는 계면활성들, 특히 detergency 결과에 중요한 영향을 미치는 중간상 형성, 확산에 의한 과포화로 인하여 일어나는 자발적 유화 현상 등을 관찰하였다. 극성 오일로 각각 oleyl alcohol과 oleic acid를 사용하여 1wt% C₁₂E₅ 수용액과의 동적 거동을 관찰한 결과는 동일한 경향을 나타내었다. 즉 운점보다 낮은 온도 조건에서는 오일상과 계면활성제 수용액상의 상호작용이 거의 없는 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며, oleyl alcohol을 사용하여 운점보다 높은 온도 조건인 35℃, 40℃, 51.7℃에서 실험한 lamellar liquid crystal이 중간상으로 형성되었고 확산에 의한 과포화로 인한 자발적 유화 현상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 oleyl alcohol 시스템에 대한 개략적인 상 평형도를 이용하여 각 온도 조건에서 oleyl alcohol과 계면활성제 수용액상이 접촉할 때 일어나는 중간상의 생성 및 자발적 유화 현상 등의 동적 현상들을 diffusion path를 사용하여 이해하였다.

Enhanced videomicroscopy was used to observe the dynamic behavior which occurred when water containing pure nonionic surfactant was carefully contacted with equal volumes of polar oils such as oleyl alcohol and oleic acid at various temperatures. A key component of the system is a vertical-stage microscope which provides for stable interfaces by locating the oil above the denser aqueous phase. This arrangement allowed intermediate phases formed at the surface of contact to be clearly observed, as well as any spontaneous emulsification which developed. Contacting experiments with C₁₂E₅ as the surfactant and with pure oleyl alcohol and oleic acid soils showed little activity below the cloud point but vigorous activity at higher temperatures including formation of an intermediate lamellar liquid crystalline phase. Diffusion path theory, which allows prediction of spontaneous emulsification resulting from diffusion and of intermediate phase formation during contacting processes, was used to understand the dynamic behavior seen during contacting experiments. Tentative diffusion paths for the contacting experiments with pure oleyl alcohol were presented with the aid of a partial phase diagram of the oleyl alcohol-water-C₁₂E₅ system.

[References]

Cutler WG, Kissa E, "Detergency: Theory and Technology," 20, Surfactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker, New York (1987)
Schwartz AM, "The Physical Chemistry of Detergency," ed. E. Matijevic, 195, Surface Colloid Sci., Wiley, New York (1972)
Miller CA, Neogi P, "Interfacial Phenomena: Equilibrium and Dynamic Effects," Marcel Dekker, New York (1985)
Raney KH, Beton WJ, Miller CA, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 110, 363 (1986)
Raney KH, Benton WJ, Miller CA, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 117, 282 (1987)
Raney KH, Miller CA, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 119, 539 (1987)
Mori F, Lim JC, Raney OG, Elsik CM, Miller CA, Colloids Surf., 40, 323 (1989)
Lim JC, Miller CA, Yang CH, Colloids Surf., 66, 45 (1992)
Mori F, Lim JC, Miller CA, Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci., 82, 114 (1990)
Lim JC, Miller CA, Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci., 83, 29 (1990)
Kielman HS, VanSteen PHF, "Surface Active Agents," Society Chemical Industry, 191, London (1979)
Kirkirdy JS, Brown LC, Can. Met. Quart., 2, 89 (1963)
Christenson NH, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 60, 54 (1977)
Ruschak KJ, Miller CA, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 11, 534 (1972)
Raney KH, Benton WJ, Miller CA, "Macro-and Microemulsions," D.O. Shah Ed., ACS Symp. Ser. #272, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C. (1985)
Kirkirdy JS, Can. J. Phys., 36, 917 (1958)
Danckwerts PV, Trans. Faraday Soc., 46, 701 (1950)
Jost W, "Diffusion in Solids, Liquids, Gases," Academic Press, New York, N.Y. (1952)
Raney KH, Ph.D. Thesis, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA (1985)
Mitchell DJ, J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans., 79(1), 975 (1983)
Meguro K, "Micelle Formation in Aqueous Media," M.J. Schick Ed., "Nonionic Surfactants: Physical Chemistry," Marcel Dekker, New York (1987)
Benton WJ, Ghosh O, Miller CA, Colloids Surf., 19, 297 (1986)
Ghosh O, Miller CA, J. Phys. Chem., 91, 4528 (1987)
Benton WJ, Miller CA, J. Phys. Chem., 87, 4981 (1983)
Chandrasekhar S, "Hydrohynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability," Clarendon Press, Oxford (1961)

[Referenced By]

[1] Cutler WG, Kissa E, "Detergency: Theory and Technology," 20, Surfactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker, New York (1987)

[2] Schwartz AM, "The Physical Chemistry of Detergency," ed. E. Matijevic, 195, Surface Colloid Sci., Wiley, New York (1972)

[3] Miller CA, Neogi P, "Interfacial Phenomena: Equilibrium and Dynamic Effects," Marcel Dekker, New York (1985)

[4] Raney KH, Beton WJ, Miller CA, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 110, 363 (1986)

[5] Raney KH, Benton WJ, Miller CA, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 117, 282 (1987)

[6] Raney KH, Miller CA, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 119, 539 (1987)

[7] Mori F, Lim JC, Raney OG, Elsik CM, Miller CA, Colloids Surf., 40, 323 (1989)

[8] Lim JC, Miller CA, Yang CH, Colloids Surf., 66, 45 (1992)

[9] Mori F, Lim JC, Miller CA, Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci., 82, 114 (1990)

[10] Lim JC, Miller CA, Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci., 83, 29 (1990)

[11] Kielman HS, VanSteen PHF, "Surface Active Agents," Society Chemical Industry, 191, London (1979)

[12] Kirkirdy JS, Brown LC, Can. Met. Quart., 2, 89 (1963)

[13] Christenson NH, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 60, 54 (1977)

[14] Ruschak KJ, Miller CA, Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 11, 534 (1972)

[15] Raney KH, Benton WJ, Miller CA, "Macro-and Microemulsions," D.O. Shah Ed., ACS Symp. Ser. #272, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C. (1985)

[16] Kirkirdy JS, Can. J. Phys., 36, 917 (1958)

[17] Danckwerts PV, Trans. Faraday Soc., 46, 701 (1950)

[18] Jost W, "Diffusion in Solids, Liquids, Gases," Academic Press, New York, N.Y. (1952)

[19] Raney KH, Ph.D. Thesis, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA (1985)

[20] Mitchell DJ, J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans., 79(1), 975 (1983)

[21] Meguro K, "Micelle Formation in Aqueous Media," M.J. Schick Ed., "Nonionic Surfactants: Physical Chemistry," Marcel Dekker, New York (1987)

[22] Benton WJ, Ghosh O, Miller CA, Colloids Surf., 19, 297 (1986)

[23] Ghosh O, Miller CA, J. Phys. Chem., 91, 4528 (1987)

[24] Benton WJ, Miller CA, J. Phys. Chem., 87, 4981 (1983)

[25] Chandrasekhar S, "Hydrohynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability," Clarendon Press, Oxford (1961)