Single crystals of pure aluminoborate PKU-1 (Al3B6O11(OH)(5)center dot nH(2)O) were obtained, and the structure was redetermined by X-ray diffraction. There are three independent Al atoms in the R3 structure model, and Al3 locates in a quite distorted octahedral environment, which was evidenced by Al-27 NMR results. This distortion of Al3O(6) octahedra release the strong static stress of the main framework and leads to a symmetry lowering from the previously reported R (3) over bar to the presently reported R3. We applied a pretreatment to prepare Al3+/Cr3+ aqueous solutions; as a consecquence, a very high Cr3+-to-Al3+ substitution content (similar to 50 atom %) in PKU-1 can be achieved, which is far more than enough for catalytic purposes. Additionally, the preference for Cr3+ substitution at the All and Al2 sites was observed in the Rietveld refinements of the powder X-ray data of PKU-1:0.32Cr(3+). We also systematically investigated the thermal behaviors of PKU-1:xCr(3+) (0 <= x <= 0.50) by thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry, in situ high-temperature XRD in vacuum, and postannealing experiments in furnace. The main framework of Cr3+-substituted PKU-1 could be partially retained at 1100 degrees C in vacuum. When 0.04 <= x <= 0.20, PKU-1:xCr(3+) transferred to the PKU-5:xCr(3+) (Al4B6O15:xCr(3+)) structure at similar to 750 degrees C by a 5 h annealing in air. Further elevating the temperature led to a decomposition into the mullite phase, Al4B2O9:xCr(3+). For x > 0.20 in PKU-1:xCr(3+), the heat treatment led to a composite of Cr3+-substituted PKU-5 and Cr2O3, so the doping upper limit of Cr3+ in PKU-5 structure is around 20 atom %.