Chemo-enzymatic saccharification and bioethanol fermentation of the residual biomass of Dunaliella tertiolecta after lipid extraction for biodiesel production were investigated. HCI-catalyzed saccharification of the residual biomass at 121 degrees C for 15 min produced reducing sugars with a yield of 29.5% (w/w) based on the residual biomass dry weight. Various enzymes were evaluated for their ability to saccharify the residual biomass. Enzymatic saccharification using AMG 300L produced 21.0 mg/mL of reducing sugar with a yield of 42.0% (w/w) based on the residual biomass at pH 5.5 and 55 degrees C. Bioethanol was produced from the enzymatic saccharification products without additional pretreatment by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with yields of 0.14 g ethanol/g residual biomass and 0.44 g ethanol/g glucose produced from the residual biomass. The waste residual biomass generated during microalgal biodiesel production could be used for the production of bioethanol to improve the economic feasibility of microalgal biorefinery. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.