Direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase (GOD) on three-dimensional (3D) interpenetrating porous graphene electrodes has been reported, which have been fabricated by one-step electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) from its aqueous suspension. The electrochemically reduced GO (ERGO) modified electrodes exhibited excellent electron transfer properties for GOD and enhanced the enzyme activity and stability by the assistance of chitosan. The immobilized GOD shows a fast electron transfer with the rate constant (k(s)) of 6.05 s(-1). It is worth mentioning that in the air-saturated phosphate buffer solution without any mediator, the resultant modified electrodes exhibited low detection limit of 1.7 mu M with wide linear range of 0.02-3.2 mM and high sensitivity and high selectivity for measuring glucose. It would also be extended to various enzymes and bioactive molecules to develop the biosensor or other bio-electrochemical devices. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.