Simulation and modeling have long served the domain of complex systems such as energy systems. The system of supply and demand of electricity in Canada is highly complex and dynamic in nature. Understanding the causal relationships among the system's nearly immeasurable amount of variables and the patterns that exist in Canada's electricity system is essential for systematic and sustainable policy decisions. Drawing on system dynamics methodology, this study presents a dynamic simulation model. By utilizing the developed and validated system dynamics model, this research finds that, in addition to the traditional adjustment methods, substantial new investments in electricity generation capacity and efficiency enhancement areas are needed to achieve a sustainable and balanced electricity supply and demand system in Canada. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.