화학공학소재연구정보센터
Energy and Buildings, Vol.66, 77-87, 2013
Economic and energy analysis of three solar assisted heat pump systems in near zero energy buildings
The European Union's directive of the energy performance of buildings makes energy systems with local energy generation interesting. To support local energy generation the government has appointed a commission to investigate the possibility to implement net metering for grid connected PV-systems. In this paper three different systems are simulated and analyzed with regards to economics and energy: a PV-system and a heat pump (alternative 1), a heat pump and a solar thermal system (alternative 2) and a heat pump, a PV-system and a solar thermal system (alternative 3). System alternative 1 is profitable with daily net metering and monthly net metering and unprofitable with instantaneous net metering. The solar electrical fraction of the system is 21.5%, 43.5% and 50%, respectively. System alternative 2 is unprofitable and has a solar electricity fraction of 5.7%. System alternative 3 is unprofitable and has a solar electricity fraction of just below 50. The conclusion is that a PV system in combination with a heat pump is a superior alternative to a solar thermal system in combination with a heat pump. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.