Residential buildings comprise the biggest segment of the European building stock and they are responsible for the majority of the building's sector energy consumption and CO2 emissions. This paper documents the potential benefits and sets the priorities of individual energy conservation measures (ECMs) to reduce heating energy consumption in Hellenic residential buildings, including space heating and domestic hot water production. The analysis is facilitated by using the available Hellenic typology for residential buildings that consists of 24 typical buildings, derived after a classification in three construction periods, two building sizes and four climate zones. The focus is mainly on the implementation of ECMs that have low first-cost investment and short payback period. In order to prioritize ECMs that would be most attractive to building owners, two ranking criteria are used, namely primary heating energy savings and payback period. Finally, the preliminary results are used to provide an insight on the potential abatement of CO2 emissions for the national residential building stock. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.