Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol.106, No.9, 3587-3591, 1997
Fluctuations Around Nonequilibrium Steady-States of Electrochemical Reaction Systems and Concentration Polarization - A Formalism of Stochastic Thermodynamics of Concentration Polarization
At mesostatistical level a stochastic thermodynamics of the concentration polarization in nonequilibrium steady state electrode processes is presented. In this formalism a simplified stochastic model of irreversible electrode process is suggested. Based on this model the fluctuations around the nonequilibrium steady states of electrochemical reaction systems are discussed. It turns out that the nonequilibrium departure of electrode potential of the steady electrode process with hesitative diffusion step consists of two pasts; the concentration polarization following the Nernst formula of order V-0(V, volume of the electrochemical reaction system) and an additional contribution (of order V-1 in the Gaussian regime of the distribution) due to the nonequilibrium fluctuations. Furthermore, the nonequilibrium nonideality of the electrode solution is analyzed. An explicit relation between the coefficient of the electrolytic ions at nonequilibrium steady state and corresponding nonequilibrium correlation has been derived.